Learn Programming | CodeWithMuh

Creating Files and Directories

Let's learn to create files and directories from the command line. The main commands are touch (create empty files), mkdir (create directories), and echo (write text to files).

touch — Create Empty Files

bash

# Create a single file
touch myfile.txt

# Create multiple files at once
touch file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt

# Verify they were created
ls

mkdir — Make Directories

bash

# Create a directory
mkdir projects

# Create nested directories with -p
mkdir -p projects/web/src

# Verify
ls projects

echo — Write Text

bash

# Print text to terminal
echo "Hello, Linux!"

# Write text to a file (creates or overwrites)
echo "Hello" > greeting.txt

# Append text to a file
echo "World" >> greeting.txt

# View the file
cat greeting.txt

Tip:Use > to write (overwrites existing content) and >> to append (adds to the end). Be careful with > — it will erase the file's contents!